Analysis of a Start

Examination of a Start Presentation Technological developments have affected the way wherein individuals work from streets to their workplaces. The quick development of innovation appears to impact even the car and transport industry (Akhilesh 2013).Advertising We will compose a custom exploration paper test on Analysis of a Start-up Lyft explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Whereas a few organizations and inventive endeavors are rising every day in the cutting edge world, uniqueness and eliteness are turning into a significant factor in the development and advancement of present day organizations (Osterwalder Pigneur 2013). Trend-setters consistently concoct new thoughts, however their advancements infrequently catch the market and buyers, and consequently, they gradually fall, since they neglect to get the normal reception. With the changing patterns in purchaser inclinations, capable organizations are developing with tempting plans of action and items, and subsequently new advances hav e thought that it was uncomfortable to enter the as of now investigated markets (Louise 2013). A beginning innovation addresses numerous difficulties and fears among lenders over the rising mechanical organizations, as they are ordinarily uncertain of its future initiation. Central to such ideas, this examination gives an expert investigation of a beginning up tech adventure known as Lyft. Portrayal of the Venture Lyft is a cutting edge and exclusive tech adventure that rose through advancements in the taxi transportation organization, and it is at present increasing broad help and popularity over the American streets (Lyft 2014). Started throughout the late spring of 2012, two trend-setters John Zimmer and Logan Green started the vehicle business and named it Zimride to offer travelers distributed ride sharing encounters (Lyft 2014).Advertising Looking for research paper on business financial aspects? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Zimmer and Green built up the Lyft transport framework with a fantasy about empowering travelers set aside cash, keep away from clogged city traffic, and unite networks through rideshare transport program (Lyft 2014). The taxis structure an arrangement of transport coordinate with the organization standing to associate and match drivers with travelers, who have mentioned for a taxi ride through the Lyft Android and iPhone portable applications. Lyft advances the endeavor by urging travelers to impact their companion to join and prize them with $25 on the resulting ride. Utilizing Department of Motor Vehicles (DMV) and individual verifications, Lyft screens drivers to evaluate their believability and driving record gauges in a stricter way than the customary taxicabs (Lyft 2014). Lyft taxis are one of a kind since they get deliberate gifts from travelers, not at all like conventional cabs that depend on money installments. Saved week by week into their ledgers, these netwo rk drivers get roughly 80% of the all out gifts that travelers intentionally produce (Lyft 2014). Autonomous people group drivers must have individual vehicles in great working condition and should have Android telephones or iPhone associated with travelers by means of the portable applications. Plan of action Canvas for the Venture In attempted the expert examination of Lyft as another endeavor in America, this exploration paper utilizes the plan of action canvas to do the business investigation process.Advertising We will compose a custom exploration paper test on Analysis of a Start-up Lyft explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Business model canvas is an advanced type of the vital enterprising and the executives apparatus that permits businesspersons to challenge, structure, portray, or even define and bolster their organizations (Manzano 2012). Business canvas model has a few components that help businesspersons to depict and dissect a business framework. It in corporates an examination of colleagues, key exercises, distinct advantages, offers, client connections, business channels, income streams, client fragments, and the cost structure. Key Partners The key accomplices of Lyft business advancement are the center individuals, including the originator, John Zimmer, who administers by and large activities and progress, Amy Fox, who is accountable for organization improvement, business advisor, Beth Stevens (Lyft 2014). Corey Owens is answerable for keeping up open strategy, Bill Vainisi is the VP, and representative general insight, Kedar Deshpande, is liable for key activities, while Marzia Zafaris is the chief of arranging and strategy (Lyft 2014). The people group drivers, Department of Motor Vehicles (DMV), protection offices and organizations, and the travelers are additionally significant accomplices of Lyft. Key Activities Lyft attempts various exercises to guarantee the rideshare program gets powerful. The principle action is to gi ve productive and modest vehicle of travelers and building a powerful rideshare network (Lyft 2014). Lyft associates drivers and travelers mechanically utilizing Android and iPhone applications. The organization works together with insurance agencies and the Department of Motor Vehicles to improve transportation security (Lyft 2014).Advertising Searching for research paper on business financial matters? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Find out More Lyft guarantees that they investigate drivers through individual verifications and dissecting driving record principles, utilizes innovative application criticism to break down driver rating by travelers, and guarantees a functioning the $1,000,000 overabundance protection program. Distinct advantages For the rideshare program to be compelling, Lyft has been depending on various significant resources and HR. HR that are esteemed the most are the talented drivers. The most significant resources in the business are vehicles for taking travelers around assigned areas (Lyft 2014). Lyft Transportation Company requires the Smartphones, particularly Android telephones, tablets, and iPhones that can bolster versatile applications, which interface drivers with travelers (Lyft 2014). Cell phones must have the autonomous Lyft applications introduced as one of the most significant recourses that the travelers use to welcome companions, colleagues, and family members. Incentives The expectation o f Lyft is huge and extraordinary in nature. Lyft targets utilizing travelers to utilize magnanimous free lifts empower them to keep away from platform dividers that open them to carbon inward breath, lastly bring solidarity among networks (Lyft 2014). Lyft business program targets giving moderate, helpful rideshares, and improving the street security through appropriate screening of believability of drivers utilizing criminal and individual verifications (Lyft 2014). In this manner, Lyft targets lessening cost and danger of movement, while upgrading validity of drivers and improving travel comfort for the travelers. Client Relationships Lyft has a special client business relationship that pivots upon trust as one of the most significant ethics between the two on-screen characters, and it is helpful for the rising friend economy (Lyft 2014). Clients don't pay straightforwardly during administration conveyance, however willing givers send their commitments to the organization subseque nt to getting free rides (Lyft 2014). Clients anticipate that the cab drivers should stay authentic during the contribution of rides, as the Lyft standards require them, yet not make any money installments during the free rides. Business Channels The cell phone innovation in Lyft is a significant development as it manufactures the focal business channel (Lyft 2014). Clients stay associated through the Lyft versatile applications that go about as the stage for social association. The Smartphones interface clients and drivers, and in this manner give a methods for empowering Lyft to survey the validity of network drivers through a rating of 1 out of five rides scale (Lyft 2014). Travelers fit for carrying companions to free ride get $25 free acknowledgment for the following ride. Income Streams Revenue streams include methods for creating pay inside the business. The Lyft free rideshare program has guaranteed fulfillment among clients and since the installment is willful gift, the tra velers are of various monetary class and equipped for giving higher sums than from direct help charges (Lyft 2014). The deliberate network commitment surpasses what common cabs create through direct assistance charges, as travelers give dependent on their readiness and budgetary capacities (Lyft 2014). Client Segments Each business, as per financial experts, has its own client fragment (Osterwalder Pigneur 2013). Lyft has a business client portion that centers around the specialty business stage, as it targets explicitly the travelers. In the specialty advertise, business connections among shoppers and administration or merchandise suppliers depend exclusively on the particular necessities of the situated market (Osterwalder Pigneur 2013). Lyft centers around building up the traveler network and furnishing them with moderate and solid taxi transport framework. The Cost Structure Cost structure in plan of action canvas is the expense brought about in maintaining the plan of action. L yft plan of action tries to take out the thought of pay administration in the taxi transport organize, as its most significant obligation is to make city rides practical to travelers (Lyft 2014). The cost structure of the plan of action is consequently factor, as the administration. The arrangement doesn't depend on fixed installments, yet depends on the deliberate network gifts before free distributed rideshare administration. The gifts fluctuate contingent upon singular contributors. Table 1: The Business Model Canvas Key Partners Founder John Zimmer, Logan Green, Corey Owens, others Community Lyft drivers DMV and insurance agencies Key Activities Free rides Driver screening Partnering with protections Value suggestion beneficent free lifts safe driving appropriate driving ensuring travelers structure

Ryle on Monism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Ryle on Monism - Essay Example The body has physical presence and comprises of issue. Confirmations illustrated by Freud recommend that a portion of the considerations of an individual vary from the musings which he truly recognizes. Be that as it may, the basic comprehension is that an individual knows about his own musings. As to, an individual can just make deductions from the watched conduct of the other individual. However, Ryle contends that this sound judgment understanding dependent on Descartes’ hypothesis is unsound and struggle with entire assortment of information that we think about psyche. As per Ryle, the wellspring of such twofold life hypothesis is a result of class botches. It resembles someone asking where the college is in the wake of seeing, different divisions, libraries and research offices. The college is in actuality simply the manner in which everything is composed. The equivalent is the slip-up when a youngster in the wake of seeing the walk past of batteries, units, and so forth .asks when the division will show up. He should be clarified that contingents, batteries and groups comprise a division. Descartes sees human body as a complex sorted out unit and psyche as simply one more intricate unit. Like body, minds are additionally things. Mental procedures are circumstances and end results. The brain administers the real motor albeit nothing is known about how it oversees the real motor. Ryle brings up that such clarification given by Decartes lays on a cluster of classification botches.

Permit Processing on Mercer Island Essay Example for Free

Grant Processing on Mercer Island Essay The quickly expanding populace and land use is one of the noteworthy yet amazing difficulties in today’s open organization. Joined by the spatial usage and upkeep is the urban arranging and the board as one of the functionalities of city overseers in managing the synchronous increment of land use, wherein different kinds of employments requests a specific spot inside as far as possible. Appropriately, the sweeping methodology of business locale or territories must be supplemented with a framework or procedure as a system in acquiring of grants to work a business is essential and required. Along these lines, the framework or procedure is expected to guarantee the efficient progression of urban zoning. In such manner, the city organization must take a shot at how license handling would react to the aspectual needs of the populace without hampering the practical network improvement. Managing urban-network issues handles different contemplations in the preparing of licenses to operate, for example, hierarchical elements of city organization must be smoothed out through lead of discoursed and crusades in the execution forms. This method is one of the parts in open organization where urban-network issues must be settled. In Mercer Island, the city supervisor have considered the circumstance in grant preparing and found the noteworthy activity of executing the framework or procedure that is meeting both authoritative elements of the regional government and the requests of the inhabitants. The actualizing projects of license preparing in Mercer Island could have discovered the advancement of a system in open organization. This paper will account the conversation of multifaceted issues that essentially attracted the conclusiveness of city chiefs overseeing Mercer Island’s open organization programs. System The consequence of the contextual investigation, entitled: ‘Permit Processing on Mercer Island’, led by Judith Noble as her Master’s Degree postulation at the Graduate School of Public Affairs at the University of Washington and distributed by The Electronic Hallway in 1996 will be the subsidiary of the writing audit, considering the issues, on-screen characters and hierarchical powers that have been portrayed in the open organization of Mercer Island. In like manner, extra writings will revalidate the introduction or presentation of information intelligent of the led contextual investigation. Writing Review City diagram: history and township Mercer Island was named after the Mercer Brothers who investigated the spot while on nourishment gathering and consequently first settled a non-local settlement at the north-west side of the island in 1870s. The settlement has altogether extended toward the north-east side of the island and known as the East Seattle where got popular of the Calkins Hotel as a milestone of business land use in 1889 (Mercer Island Historical Society, 2006). In 1908, the East Seattle have developed with private and business populace, wherein the urbanization was to a great extent created from 1930s towards 1940s when a skimming span was manufactured that came to towards its territory of Washington as the close by region of trade (City Government of Mercer Island, 2008) Presently, Mercer Island is an exceptionally urbanized city being set up from the 1960 fuse and 1970 converging of north-western and eastern regions that has been completely evolved as a business area of Seattle with 23, 894 populace (US Census Bureau, 2007). Brief foundation of the issues As showed by the consistently developing populace and creating business zones, the city organization of Mercer Island has utilized its available resources in the handling of licenses to operate. In 1996, the Mercer Island’s City Manager Paul Lanspery was persisted to follow up on the consequence of a report that has been appointed and contemplated the status of network improvement. As refered to, the gigantic increment of land use has been credited to the foundation of organizations, in which even neighborhoods differentiate into business use. The circumstance could turn into a lasting issue to most of the inhabitants just as the regular habitat may before long minimize and break down by the potential contamination (Noble, 1996). Then again, Lanspery was concerned of the â€Å"systems thinking† of the city organization, wherein the handling of license to operate application must be looked into so as to survey the open organization and responsibility of the regional government and its workers, as there were â€Å"pressure groups† from the inhabitants that advocates the bring in protecting the city from further business improvement. The individual, hierarchical and outside forces Reflecting on the report on network advancement and through the directed nearby perception, Lanspery was roused by his own convictions on â€Å"continuous improvement† (Noble, 1996). It might be deciphered that Lanspery’s individual conviction could be a â€Å"internal propelling force†; recovering â€Å"continuous improvement† of Mercer Island is accomplishing reasonable advancement in the network. In view of the directed nearby review, Lanspery has brought the authoritative responsibility of the regional government to dispassionately observe and locate the point of view of Mercer Island in the midst of its business enhancement. The land utilization of the occupants must be combined with obligations in sustaining and securing the earth. Consequently, the regional government must realize the organization of open enthusiasm to safeguard the normal home of the island without hampering the on-going business exercises of the city. It might be summed up that Lanspery’s individual conviction of nonstop improvement holds the authoritative responsibility of the regional government as the outside power in actualizing feasible methods, rather than continuing an escalated â€Å"environmental change† that in truth mutilate the normal excellence of Mercer Island. To refer to, saving Mercer Island culture and regular habitat is a test to its regional government in improving feasible business activity and directing of its financial specialists in a participatory procedure, following proficiency, quality and duty (Noble, 1996). Nature and open organization According to the contextual analysis, the geology of Mercer Island isn't reasonable for elevated structures and unquestionably restricted to flat development. Then again, the breezy climate of the Island is helpless to fire-touching off materials, similar to the fire disaster in 1889 that consumed level the fire-inclined Calkins Hotel. The geography of Mercer Island has been basically considered in the executing rules of the regional government, as a reaction to moderate natural dangers and conservation of the earth from potential dangers of business misuse. The open organization has sorted out a group of assorted specialized skill that creates the structure division faculty who will assess the utilization of grants for private and business or business land use. To refer to, the legislature has similarly managed an endless license application for development of little structure and land use ventures, considering an expected of 70 percent from the all out 1,300 grants being given yearly (Noble, 1996). The open organization in the issuance of grants was reliable in the execution of ecological insurance projects and hazard moderating measures, for example, to refer to the serious assessment and capability methods on use of mechanical licenses for introducing heater pipes, plumbing, hot tub and grass sprinkler frameworks, electrical wiring, and even criminal security and alarms. Some portion of the income assortment crusades were likewise overseen by the regional government on punishments and fines from illicit grant fixers, violators of wellbeing and security rules, and different continues from private development licenses procurement (Noble, 1996). Nature of approach framework and procedures of arrangement and dynamic It might be mirrored that the decentralization of neighborhood government units or regional authorities have been sanctioned as a feature of smoothing out the Federal organization framework, regressing the forces of the nearby government officials in executing the metropolitan or city projects and tasks. In which case, the regional legislature of Mercer Island is led by the official capacity of the Mayor, the authoritative intensity of the city committee and the city supervisor who is commanded to act in controlling the township improvement. The institution of land use strategies were delineated in the â€Å"check and balance† arrangement of region execution. In particular, the city director headed the substantial actualizing methodology of the Department of network Development that urged the specialized upkeep, building and the open wellbeing programs. Some portion of a useful open organization and straightforward dynamic procedure is the lead of open exchanges that has been started by the City Council, speeding up the authoritative procedure and cooperative energy among the gathering enrollment. To refer to, the authoritative capacity of the city committee connects the open worry regarding deciphering the city codes and mandates. The city gathering has even composed resident sheets and commissions to empower a straightforward and network participatory endeavor of applicable issues ashore use and the city government’s open organization capacities, similar to the creation and foundation of the Building Board of Appeals that go about as a semi legal body, analyzing and deciphering the specialized depiction, which means and execution of the â€Å"building code† as the moral parameter in the land use approaches. Authority, the executives and authoritative morals It might be

The Case for a Third Political Party - 550 Words

The Case for a Third Political Party (Essay Sample) Content: The Case for a Third Political Party Name: Institutional Affiliation: The debate on whether there is any need for a third major political party in t The United States takes a lot of pride in being one of one the oldest democracies in the world today, it is after all the land of the brave and home of the free, as it is declared every time "The Star Spangled Banner" plays. However, there are questions arising as to how free the people of the United States are, especially with respect to elective politics. The choice that the people have in choosing their leaders is limited to the options that are presented by the two major parties. The definition of democracy is giving the power to the people and allowing them to make their choices and live out their full lives as they wish. However, it is subject to debate whether a choice of two is the best that democracy can offer. This paper takes the position that the country is in need of a third political party. Research has established that more than forty two per cent of the American people identify themselves as politically independent today CITATION Kri16 \l 1033 (Eberhard, 2016). This simply means that nearly half of the country does not identify with the two only options of a political party that are available, that is, either the Republican Party or Democratic Party. The two party system has been favored by a significant majority of the American citizenry for the most part of its existence. However, times have changed and statistics prove that the people's preferences have changed as well. If their ideologies ado not align with those of either party, there is no clearer indication that it is time that a strong, new political party emerged to accommodate the needs of the independent minded people, eighty per cent of whom call for a third party. This will ensure that all the Americans have an equal sense of belonging. Today, the two parties provide more of a line of weakness more than unity. While it is supposed to unite people of either conservative or liberal standing respectively, alliance to any the two major parties fuels conflict between the rivals CITATION The151 \l 1033 (The Daily Journalist, 2015). The adoption of the hardline stances in national debates purely to maintain alliance to one's party serves to stoke the fire of disagreement between the citizenry. A third party that will be representative of a position of compromise is needed to give a platform on which similar minded people can express themselves, their affiliations notwithstanding. Ultimately, this will lead to unity as the major parties will have to factor compromise in their decisions to win political mileage. The two political parties were founded over a century ago and they continue to operate on the basis of principles instituted on their formation. The world, on the other hand has seen immense evolution in the past century, which have affected the way that people think and operate. This means that there are new...

The Ethics Of The California Penal Code Essay - 1542 Words

California Penal Code; 187 is very well known, refers to murder. Murder is defined as the unlawful killing of a human being, or a fetus, with malice aforethought. Indeed, we the people like to question every law to know the punishment. Murder has different levels accompanied with different scenarios. Throughout this paper, I will be discussing and analyzing the following: degrees of murder, Felony Murder Rule, and manslaughter. In the United States the degrees of murder were created by legislatures. Pennsylvania was the first state to depart from common law in 1794, that divided murder into first and second degree. (Samaha, pp333). The elements of common law murder are: actus reus voluntary act of killing another person, mens rea express or implied malice aforethought, circumstances 1. victim reasonable person or human being and 2. all person except alien enemy in times of war, all lead to the harm (Samaha, 2015). The elements of modern law are actus reus, mens rea, causation, death , and attendant circumstances if any. First-degree murder is the only crime in which the death penalty can be imposed, consisting of premeditated, deliberate intent to kill murders, and felony murders. First-degree has to be willfully committed meaning the intent to kill, purposely, knowingly, and at common law a specific intent. In this degree atrocious means wicked, cruel, or brutal and heinous means hateful. They are important terms that help define the punishment. First-degree murderShow MoreRelatedOrganizational Management and Operations Paper1316 Words   |  6 Pagesunderstand the functions of each level of policing. Local policing agencies enforce state penal codes and local municipal codes and ordinances of the areas they occupy. Whenever any crime or unlawful activity takes place, a complaint is lodged and police officers respond to the scene of crime as soon as possible. Contrary whenever officers working patrol see a crime in-progress or a violation of city codes the officer stops and addresses the issue. Local police look after the safety of the neighborhoodRead MoreThe Health Care Team Who Is Responsible For Providing Basic Nursing Care1186 Words   |  5 Pagesnurse has to work within their scope of practice; however, patients are the main priority into their working environment. LVN are required to work under the supervision of Physician and RN’s. Nurses are bound by the guidelines, regulations, and code of ethics and they must follow them. LVN scope of practice includes assessment (data collection), planning, implementation, patient education, and evaluation. LVN can perform al l these practices under the supervision of RN or physician. Assessment hasRead MoreSocial Workers Code Of Ethics1110 Words   |  5 PagesSocial worker’s code of ethics â€Å"is to enhance human well-being and help meet the basic human needs of all people, with particular attention to the needs and empowerment of people who are vulnerable, oppressed, and living in poverty† (NASW Code of Ethics). In the lobbying days with social workers, we introduced three bills that are very important in our community, mainly our most vulnerable population whose power has been taken away by the superior groups. Unfortunately, many of this bills and lawsRead MoreThe Campus Of The University Of California1764 Words   |  8 PagesOverview: On the campus of the University of California, Tatiana Tarasoff was killed by Prosenjit Poddar just two months after being detained by campus police for making such threats in a counseling session. 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Essay On Drug Testing - 956 Words

Have you ever thought what would happen if the people who receive government assistance had to be drug tested prior to receiving help, like many who must be tested to keep their job? Many people must go through drug testing to get a job, then after they have it, they may be selected to be randomly tested again to keep their job. There are people down on their luck or going through a rough patch where they need to receive government assistance, nothing but an application needs to be filled out prior to receiving payment from the government. Drug testing for government assistance and how it may benefit the state budget is at the forefront of many news stories. Types of government programs available for different assistance, laws causing†¦show more content†¦[Washington, D.C]25 Jan 1999: A04. The reason for this drop-in numbers was due to â€Å"the work first approach that helps recipients look for work and then pushes them to take any job they can find.† As the na tion focuses on individual drug testing laws by state federally there are two provisions related to TANF and substance abuse, there has been since the 1996 welfare reform law. â€Å"First, there is a provision that says States may require drug tests for welfare recipients and may penalize those who fail such tests (21 U.S.C. 862b). In addition, the law includes a lifetime ban on TANF and Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP, formerly Food Stamps) benefits for persons convicted of a drug-related felony, though States have the option of modifying or opting out of the ban (21 U.S.C. 862a), and many have done so.† â€Å"Drug Testing Welfare Recipients: Recent Proposals and Continuing Controversies,† (2012). Journal of Drug Addiction, Education, and Eradication, 8(2), 99-128. Retrieved from https://search-proquest-com.ezproxy2.apus.edu/docview/1731527138?accountid=8289 Additionally, there are many people who must be drug tested to get their job, they also are subjected to random drug testing after being hired. There are currently 15 states that have the drug testing law in place for government assistance. Of those, â€Å"Florida’s attempt to test all welfare applicants through a 2011 law ran afoul of the federal courts, as a U.S. District Court ruling that theShow MoreRelatedDrug Testing Essay1328 Words   |  6 PagesEven though drug testing is very expensive, ALL high school’s athletes should be tested because drugs are bad for your health and very addictive. A simple drug test could save many lives. Many schools around deny the request to drug test their athletes for the simple conclusion that the cost of the testing would just be to expensive. I disagree whole heartedly on that because although it may be expensive, we could save so many lives by requiring drug tests to play sports. Many students have loveRead MoreDrug Testing Essay1200 Words   |  5 PagesThere is a big question floating in the air around a lot of people today, â€Å"Is drug testing the welfare constitutional or not?† When dealing with this we come to many road blocks. We should know and understand the difference in a drug use problem and a psychiatric disorder. Also understanding the difference in substance abuse and substance dependence. Confusing the two could be an issue. When you decide to drug test the welfare there is much more that needs to go into it than just the test to determineRead MoreDrug Testing Essay2735 Words   |  11 PagesDrug testing is a laboratory procedure that looks for evidence of drug consumption by analyzing urine, blood, and hair samples. 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Adlerian Psychotherapy An Overview Of Theory And Practice Essay Example For Students

Adlerian Psychotherapy: An Overview Of Theory And Practice Essay AbstractUnderstand, interpret, direct. This statement is an oversimplification of sorts, but defines the essence of Adlerian psychotherapy. From this minimal overview of Adlerian theory, we can begin to elaborate and explore the intricacies of individual psychology. Adlerians are concerned with understanding the unique and private beliefs and strategies of the individual (private logic and mistaken notions) that we create in childhood, and which serve as a reference for attitudes, private views of self, others and the world, and behavior (lifestyle). Therapeutic work with clients involves short-term and intensive work to increase social interest, to encourage a greater sense of responsibility for behavior, and to support behavioral change. Insight is used therapeutically as an analytical tool to facilitate deeper self-understanding and personal growth. Concept of the PersonAdlerian Psychotherapy employs a holistic approach to understanding the individual. Adler provides us with an all-encompassing view of the human being, who is a primarily conscious, rather than unconscious creature. Adlerians believe that the most important life problems are social and therefore, the individual must be considered within the social context (Daniels, 1998). Adlerian theory proposes that a human’s principle motive in life is to strive for perfection and that his or her opinion of self, and the world, influences all of the individual’s psychological processes. â€Å"Adlerian counseling seeks to correct mistakes in perception and logic that people make in their effort to fit into social relationships and to overcome feelings of inferiority† (Brown Srebalus 1998). Once the individual has adopted a â€Å"mistaken goal†, he or she will formulate other misconceptions to support the â€Å"faulty logic† (Brown Srebalus 1 998). Adlerian theory studies the whole person and how that person experiences life. According to this theory, the individual possesses four â€Å"life-style convictions† (Mosak 1995). These are: â€Å"The self-concept – the convictions I have about who I am; the self-ideal – the convictions of what I should be or am obliged to be to have a place; the weltbild, or ‘picture of the world’ – convictions about the not self and what the world demands of me; and the ethical convictions- personal ‘right-wrong’ code† (Mosak 1995). When there is conflict between the self-concept and the ideal, inferiority feelings develop. It is important to note that Adlerians do not believe that these feelings of inferiority are abnormal. In fact, this theory proposes that, â€Å"to live is to feel inferior† (Mosak 1995). However, when the individual begins to act inferior rather than feel inferior, the individual is engaging in â€Å"dis couragement† or the inferiority complex (Mosak 1995). â€Å"To oversimplify, the inferiority feeling is universal and ‘normal’; the inferiority complex reflects the discouragement of a limited segment of our society and is usually ‘abnormal’† (Mosak 1995). This theory views the healthy and â€Å"ideal† individual as one who engages in life experiences with confidence and optimism. â€Å"There is a sense of belonging and contributing, the ‘courage to be imperfect,’ and the serene knowledge that one can be acceptable to others, although imperfect† (Mosak 1995). This theory uses subjectivity for understanding the person. In order to understand the individual, we must understand his or her cognitions. Harold Mosak (1995) identifies five underlying assumptions to the Adlerian theory. He states, â€Å"a) the individual is unique, b) the individual is self-consistent, c) the individual is responsible, d) the person is creat ive, an actor, a chooser, and e) people in a soft-deterministic way can direct their own behavior and control their destinies† (Mosak, 1995, p.87). According to Adlerian theory, people strive to attain goals that provide them with a place in this world, in turn giving them security and enhancing self- esteem. â€Å"If strivings are solely for the individual’s greater glory, he (Adler) considers them socially useless and, in extreme conditions, characteristic of mental problems. On the other hand, if the strivings are for the purpose of overcoming life’s problems, the individual is engaged in the striving for self-realization, in contribution to humanity and in making the world a better place to live† (Mosak, 1995, p. 53). Concept of InterventionLike all therapies it is assumed that the individual’s present way of living may accord safety but not happiness, and because there are not any guarantees in life, one must risk some ‘safety’ for the possibility of greater happiness and self-fulfillment. How each therapy goes about moving the client from a place of ‘safety’ to a place of relative ‘risk taking’ may differ. Adlerian psychology addresses the complete range of human experience, from optimal to pathological, and sees the ‘therapeutic’ relationship as a friendly one between equals (Stein, 1996). At the foundation of Adlerian theory and practice is an optimism about human nature and the premise that the primacy of a feeling of community (connectedness) is an index and goal of mental health (Stein, 1996). The process (intervention) is really one of life-style investigation. The therapist tries to understand the patients life-style, how the indi vidual engages his life, and how that life-style affects the client’s current functioning. The goal of treatment is not merely symptom relief, but the adoption of a contributing way of living (Stein, 1996). Adlerians view pain and suffering in a client’s life as the result of the choices the client has made. This value-based theory of personality hypothesizes that the values a client holds and lives their life by, are learned, and when they no longer work (evidenced by suffering or lack of happiness), the client can re-learn values and life-styles that work more ‘effectively’. Adler taught that a client’s life-style can be viewed as a personal mythology. These mythologies are true for the individual and so the individual acts accordingly. These mythologies are â€Å"truths† and â€Å"partial truths,† but they can also be myths that one confuses for truths. Adler calls these basic mistakes. Overgeneralizations such as ‘people are hostile’, ‘life is dangerous’ as well as misperceptions of life, ‘life doesn’t give me any breaks’, are all myths that one confuses for truth. These mythologies or life-styles are expressed in the client’s physical behavior, language, dreams, interpretations, etc. The intervention in Adlerian therapy is re-education and reorientation of the client to myths that work ‘better’. The actual techniques employed are used to this end. Adlerians are highly action orientated. They believe the concept of insight is just a proxy for immobility. Insight is not a deep understanding that one must have before change can occur. For Adlerians, insight is understanding translated into action. It reflects the client’s understanding of the purposeful nature of behavior. Procrastination EssayWithin the therapeutic relationship, the therapist is said to represent values the patient may attempt to imitate. In serving as models for their patients, Adlerian therapists therefore characterize themselves as â€Å"being for real†- genuine, fallible, and able to laugh at themselves. An emphasis on humor as an important asset is frequently utilized in treatment since â€Å"if one can occasionally joke, things cannot be so bad (Moreno, 1987)†. Other verbal techniques include giving advice while taking care to discourage dependency; frequent use of encouragement and support; and utilizing language that avoids moralizing by referring to behaviors as â€Å"useful† and â€Å"useless† as opposed to â€Å"good† and â€Å"bad†. Some of the more action-oriented techniques include creative and dramatic approaches to treatment such as role-play, the empty-chair, acting â€Å"As if†, and psychodrama. Other techniques include task setting, creating images, catching oneself, and the Push-Button Technique. Dramatic techniques such as Role-play, the Empty Chair, and Acting â€Å"as if†, are all utilized to help the patient practice useful skills and behaviors as they â€Å"try on† new roles and styles of living. While these techniques provide valuable opportunities for patients to rehearse new life-skills, they also allow for the patient to make choices as to which roles they wish to discard, and which they wish to use in their every day life. Psychodrama is technique that occurs exclusively in a group setting, whereby the internal struggles of a single patient (or â€Å"protagonist†) are worked though dramatically. The process occurs with the active participation (and support) of other members of the group who are employed by the protagonist to represent challenging aspects of his or her inner life, while he or she attempts to move â€Å"successfully† through it (Moreno, 1987). A unique approach to Task Setting has the Adlerian therapist making two suggestions as necessary for the patient to apply concurrently, outside of the therapeutic setting, over the course of several weeks. First, â€Å"Only do what is agreeable to you†; second, â€Å"Consider from time to time how you can give another person pleasure†. According to Adler, successful employment of these two tasks are an effective strategy in helping people feel â€Å"useful and worthwhile†, thus enhancing their self-esteem and improving their quality of life. Another task-oriented technique, called catching oneself, requires patients to catch themselves â€Å"with their hand in the cookie jar†. The goals of this approach are not only to increase patient awareness of their â€Å"old† behaviors and provide an opportunity to replace them with new ones, but to learn to anticipate situations before they occur (Moreno, 1987). Creating images is another technique utilized b y Adlerians in eliciting change. Based on the premise that â€Å"one picture is worth a thousand words†, patients are given (or generate) images to describe themselves. Use of this technique maintains that remembering this image, the patient can remember goals, and in later stages, can learn to use the image to laugh at oneself (Dayton, 1994). The Push-Button Technique also utilizes the patients’ own imagination in service of therapeutic goals. After being instructed to call upon two specific life experiences- one pleasant experience, and one unpleasant experience- patients are encouraged to focus on the feelings each of these incidents evoke. This process is utilized to teach patients that they can create whatever feeling they wish by deciding what they think about. As a result, the patient finds that he is the creator, not the victim of his emotions, and the power of self-determination is enhanced (Dayton, 1994). ConclusionAdlerian psychology is a vigorously optimist ic and inspiring approach to psychotherapy. As a values-oriented psychology, it is more than a collection of techniques; it establishes philosophical ideals for individual and group development. Adlerians attempt to capture the absolute uniqueness of each individual, while teaching individuals to live in harmony with society. To encourage insight, Adlerians work with early recollections, birth order, dreams and metaphors. Adlerian counseling and psychotherapy favors a therapeutic relationship that is cooperative, supportive, empathic, non-dogmatic, and common-sensical. Through a respectful Socratic dialogue, clients are challenged to correct mistaken assumptions, attitudes, behaviors, and feelings about themselves and the world (Stein, 1997). Adlerian psychotherapy is a system of theory and practice built upon psychodynamic, cognitive-behavioral, existential, and humanistic principles. Psychology